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While one school of development in the Computer technology is working on transformation from the current Binary System of  Classical Computing to the Quantum Computing where a bit can take the status of either o or 1 so that a Qubit based systems can process faster.

Now there is another school of thought that we can start using a “Ternary” system where a bit can assume a value of -1 or 0 or 1 instead of just 0 and 1. This means that two bits together can assume  9 values instead of 4 in the Binary system.

In terms of processing, a Quantum Computer can simultaneously process multiple super positioning states while Binary or Ternary computers can only process in finite 4 or 9 values at a time.

Thus  it appears that storage wise, a ternary system is more efficient than quantum system and processing wise, quantum computing is faster.

At a time when we are trying to take on US in innovation, we need to therefore think how we can leverage this concept of “Ternary” chips.

It is reported that Huawei has already produced a Ternary Chip and India should also try to conduct its research in this direction.

In terms of certainty of data and its evidentiary value, Ternary chips are better than Qubits. On the other hand a Qubit has an uncertain value and is therefore  not reliable as a data store.

In the AI scenario, uncertainty of bit level values in a Qubit can add a higher probability of “hallucination” making AI even more risky than it currently is. Hence a Ternary based AI system may be considered better than a Qubit based AI system.

Probably in future, the Classical computers may transit into Ternary/Trit chip Computing with Quantum Computing supporting the Ternary Computers with faster processing.

Bit, Trit and Qubit  may be the three different types of computer storage units with which the future of computing may progress. The law needs to catch up with these technical developments as much as the developments of AI and Quantum computing.

Probably we need to debate this aspect in upcoming technology debates.

Naavi  welcomes a debate in this direction.

Naavi

In a surprising move, a Government seems to have taken Governance to ridiculous lengths by appointing an AI Chatbot as a Minsiter.

In the past we  have seen a humanoid robot being given citizenship of a country and another humanoid robot appointed as CEO of a MNC.

Now  we may see more bizarre events of AI becoming ministers in Government.

Interesting but disturbing developments.  Hope these AI devices donot start “Hallucinating”.

According to the Prime minister,

“Diella” will oversee and allocate all public tenders that the government assigns to private firms. “[It] is the first member of government who is not physically present, but virtually created by artificial intelligence,” She will help make Albania “a country where public procurement is 100% corruption-free.”

Also see: Project Syndicate

Naavi

In the recent gazette notifications, Government of India has added two Airport terminals namely Delhi International Airports Ltd   and GMR Hyderabad International Airports as part of “Protected Systems” under section 70B of ITA 2000.

Additionally following entities have also been declared Protected systems in different categories.

1.Bandhan Bank 

2.Jammu and Kashmir Bank

3.South Indian Bank

4.Tamilnadu Mercantile Bank Ltd

5.Punjab and Sindh Bank

6.Government of India e Market place

The implications of this declaration for the organizations is that they are now under direct control of CERT IN for their information security management. Their IS policy needs to be approved by CERT In and a representative of CERT In should in in the IS Governance committee.

For the employees and public it is necessary to consider that any “Attempt” to access such systems outside the permitted mode will be considered as a cognizable offence with an imprisonment of 7 years.

Being declared a “Protected System” is not a feather in the cap of the institutions. It is more an admission that they cannot be relied upon to handle their Cyber Security and needs close supervision.

In a way it indicates that their IS management system is “Sick” and needs oversight from a National security agency. It is surprising to see small Banks like Bandhan Bank in this list.

Naavi

The IDPS 2025 (Indian Data Protection Summit 2025) of FDPPI being conducted in Chennai on 27th September 2025 will consist of five different panel discussions namely

1.Global and Indian Legal Landscape
2.Sectoral & Operational Challenges
3.Technology & Tools for Compliance
4.Sectoral Self-Regulation & Governance
5.Looking Ahead: From Awareness to Action

During these five sessions the entire landscape of DPDPA and the Challenges faced by organizations especially with the advent of AI would be discussed by different professionals.

The program will be inaugurated with a keynote speech from Sri H Shankar, MD, Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd

A glimpse of the speakers  in different panels are shown below.

We look forward to wide participation from the industry.

REGISTRATION OF DELEGATES is open .

Naavi

Section 43A of ITA 2000 had imposed “Reasonable Security Practices” on any organization handling “Sensitive Personal Data”. Simultaneously Section 43 created a civil liability for unauthorized “Diminishing of the value of information inside a computer resource”, or “Unauthorized access, modification or denial of service” etc. along with invoking Section 66 if there was malicious intention.

With the impending notification of DPDPA, Section 43A will be replaced by the new law with 44 sections. Simultaneously, the Reasonable Security practices under the notification of 11th April 2011 will be replaced by Sections 4-10 of Chapter II read along with rest of the 37 sections.

This means that DPDPA is not a new law. It is an extension of ITA 2000. Currently while we wait for the  rules to be notified, DPDPA is the “Legislative Intention” and therefore “Due Diligence” and “Reasonable Security” under ITA 2000.

Any violation of DPDPA therefore can be considered as a violation of ITA 2000 and civil and criminal proceedings can be raised under ITA 2000.

This interpretation applies even to the powers of the Government as per ITA 2000 and DPDPA which is critical to determine the legal and constitutional validity of the Karnataka caste Survey undertaken by the Government which is under the scrutiny of the High Court.

It is not clear if the advocates challenging the survey have raised the deliberate violation of the proposed  DPDPA (or Section 43A of ITA 2000) have raised this issue nor the High Court will Suo moto consider this impending law.

The hurry with which the Karnataka Government indicates a malicious design to push through the  survey before MeitY releases the notification. However, the DPDPA being an extension of ITA 2000 means that the notification is subject to the “Powers of the State Government” under Section 90 ITA 2000. While I leave it to the eminent advocates representing the casein the Court to develop a detailed argument, I urge the High Court not to rush with its judgement without giving an opportunity to the general public to implead and represent their case.

I therefore request the Court to order a stay on the survey and invite objections to be filed by the public who may not be today represented by the advocates challenging the case now.

If not, High Court should entertain an immediate review petition based on the powers of the Government under the two acts ITA 2000 and DPDPA since the data is meant to be  digitized and used.

The powers of the State Government under ITA 2000 are restricted to implementation of the provisions of ITA 2000 and not to initiate processing of sensitive personal data outside the objectives of ITA 2000. Under DPDPA, the State Government or any of the instrumentalities of the Government require a “Notification” to claim exemption of consent. In the absence of appropriate powers, the collection and processing of sensitive personal data that too of those who are not beneficiaries of the schemes of the Backward Class Commission is ultra-vires the two Acts. It amounts to “Unauthorized” “Access” to “Information” and equal to “Hacking”.

The Backward class commission, its executives and the enumerators will be liable under Section 66 of ITA 2000 for forcefully collecting sensitive personal information meant to be digitized and analysed.

This has to be brought to the notice of the High Court before it takes a decision today.

Naavi

The second leg of IDPS 2025 will take place at Chennai on 27th September 2025 at MMA auditorium in Thousand Lights. It will be a day long program from 9.30 am to 4.30 pm.

Yesterday on 22nd, a Masterclass on DPDPA and the impact of AI was held by Naavi virtually to set the stage for the event.

The program during the event on 27th, will be as follows and consist of a Key Note from Mr H Shankar, MD of Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd and four Panel discussions are expected to take place as follows.

PS: Minor changes in the program may be made as required.

Invite participation of Chennai Professionals in large numbers.

Register  here today.